Hives, also called urticaria, is a skin reaction that causes itchy welts, which range in size from small spots to large blotches. The welts can occur anywhere on the body and may differ in size and shape. For some people, hives last only a few hours and are no more than an annoying inconvenience; for others, the condition can be severe and even life-threatening. While hives generally aren’t life-threatening, they can suck the comfort and fun right out of your day.
This simple, clear article describes what Urticaria is, the causes of Urticaria, Signs & Symptoms, Types of Urticaria , Triggers for Urticaria, the treatment options, and prevention.
What Is Urticaria (Hives)?
Urticaria is a rash that comes up when the body releases histamine and other chemicals into the bloodstream. This causes small blood vessels in the skin to leak, which results in swelling, redness, and itching.
Hives can come and go quickly and other times they take a while to show up, but when you get them, they may:
- Change location on the body
- Disappear and reappear
- Last from minutes to several weeks
Common Symptoms of Urticaria
The symptoms of hives depend on the individual and can include:
- Red or skin-colored raised welts
- Intense itching
- Swelling around the affected area
- Burning or stinging sensation
- Welts that change shape or size
Swelling up around the lips, eyes, throat or in your face is a symptom of a severe condition that requires you to seek professional help.
Agricultural workers or those who spend hours outdoors (tractor operators), might be more susceptible to developing urticaria by sun exposure, dust, and heat, so prevention is especially important.
Types of Urticaria
1. Acute Urticaria
- Lasts less than 6 weeks
- Often caused by food, infections, or medications
- Common in children and young adults
2. Chronic Urticaria
- Lasts more than 6 weeks
- Can recur for months or even years
- Cause is often unknown (idiopathic)
3. Physical Urticaria
Induced by physical factors such as:
- Sunlight (solar urticaria)
- Cold or heat
- Pressure (tight clothing, belts)
- Exercise or sweating
Common Causes and Triggers
Urticaria can be triggered by many factors, including:
- Foods: Nuts, eggs, seafood, milk, food additives
- Medications: Painkillers, antibiotics, aspirin
- Allergens: Dust, pollen, animal dander
- Infections: Viral or bacterial infections
- Environmental factors: Sunlight, cold air, heat
- Stress and anxiety
- Hormonal changes
- Insect bites or stings
In a lot of longstanding (chronic) cases, the exact cause may not be known.
Diagnosis of Urticaria
Urticaria is typically diagnosed by doctors with:
- Medical history
- Physical examination
- Allergy tests (if required)
- Blood tests in chronic cases
Recognizing triggers is a key part of coping with the condition.
Treatment Options for Urticaria
The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence.
Medical Treatment
- Antihistamines: How reducing itching and swelling is used for initial treatment
- The use of non-sedating antihistamines is indicated for use as daily therapy
- Steroids in the short term: Only if necessary and under medical supervision
Steroids should never be used without a doctor’s recommendation, as the benefits only outweigh the risks when taking them for a short-term period, and they can cause severe side effects with prolonged use.
Home Care and Lifestyle Management
You can help control urticaria with these simple steps:
- Avoid known triggers
- Wear loose, cotton clothing
- Use mild, fragrance-free soaps
- Apply cool compresses to itchy areas
- Avoid hot showers during flare-ups
- Manage stress through yoga, meditation, or deep breathing
Diet Tips for People with Hives
- Avoid spicy and processed foods during flare-ups
- Reduce intake of artificial colors and preservatives
- Stay well hydrated
- Eat fresh fruits and vegetables
- Maintain a food diary to identify triggers
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical help if:
- Hives last more than a few days
- Symptoms keep recurring
- Swelling affects the lips, tongue, or throat
- Breathing becomes difficult
These can be signs of a severe allergic reaction, which requires immediate care.
Conclusion
Hives, or urticaria, are a very common but often poorly understood skin condition. It may be uncomfortable and upsetting, but with the right treatment and avoidance of triggers, most cases can be managed very well. If you experience chronic or repeated hives, see a health care provider for long-term treatment and safety.
When proper care and attention are provided, a person with urticaria can certainly lead their life in the same natural, healthy way.