Ivermectin is a well-known drug that has garnered international attention over the last few years as a result of its various uses, both in human and veterinary medicine. Ivermectin was originally discovered as an antiparasitic drug and has been included among the essential medicines advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO). From easing mild parasitic infections to off-label uses, the function of ivermectin in modern medicine is truly remarkable. This guide will provide insight into the safe and effective usage of ivermectin, including the history of the drug, benefits of ivermectin, appropriate dosages, precautions regarding its use, and many more topics!
What is Ivermectin?
Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic drug that is used to treat many different infections caused by parasites. Ivermectin works by paralyzing and killing the parasites, which also prevents them from growing or reproducing. Ivermectin was originally developed for use in vets, and is now approved for use to treat humans. Ivermectin can be used to treat river blindness (onchocerciasis), lymphatic filariasis, strongyloidiasis, scabies, as well as other conditions.
Ivermectin can come in many different forms that can be taken orally, topically, or injected, depending on what the condition being treated is. Ivermectin is very well tolerated by patients, and Ivermectin may cause side effects such as dizziness, nausea, or diarrhea. Ivermectin has recently gained notoriety through the COVID-19 pandemic, and is still a debatable treatment in that scenario, as there is not enough available evidence to prove it is effective in treating COVID-19. Patients should always discuss the use of ivermectin with their appropriate health care provider to get full information.
Medical Uses of Ivermectin
Ivermectin is extremely effective at treating parasitic infections. It interferes with the function of parasites’ nervous systems, causing paralysis and death of the parasite. Here are some of the most common indications:
1. Human Medical Uses
Onchocerciasis (River Blindness): Ivermectin is the main treatment for this disease caused by the parasite Onchocerca volvulus.
Lymphatic Filariasis: Commonly used by mass drug administration programs for elimination.
Strongyloidiasis: Treats the infection by the parasite Strongyloides stercoralis.
Scabies: Effective for extreme cases, especially for crusted Scabies.
Head Lice: Used in either a topical or oral bas.
1. Animal Veterinary Uses
Used in animals for worms, lice, mites, and other parasite infections.
Can be given by injection or topical solution in livingstock and pets.
How Ivermectin Works
Ivermectin attaches to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels located in the nerve and muscle cells of parasites. This results in an inflow of chloride ions, leading to hyperpolarization, paralysis, and eventually death of the parasite. Notably, there is little to no effect on human nervous systems from ivermectin because it cannot cross the blood-brain barrier at therapeutic doses.
Dosage and Administration
Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug to treat scabies, river blindness, and strongyloidiasis. Dosage varies by the patient’s medical history, body weight and condition being treated. Generally, for adults, the dose of 150–200 mcg per kg of body weight being treated with a single oral dose. In many cases the patient will require a repeat dose between 7 and 14 days to treat/remove all parasites.
Ivermectin 12mg tablets are typically used for moderate to severe infection and the patient usually takes them on an empty stomach with a full glass of water. As with all medications, patients must follow their healthcare provider’s protocols and never self-medicate. Ivermectin dosage for children is always adjusted per their body weight.
Patients should avoid consumption of alcohol while taking medicine and tell the doctor if they have liver issues and/or are using other medicines. Proper usage is important to ensure a proper response and reduce side effects.
Side Effects of Ivermectin
Common Side Effects:
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Itching or rash
Serious Side Effects (Rare):
- Low blood pressure
- Severe skin reactions
- Liver issues
- Confusion or seizures
Pros and Cons of Ivermectin
| Pros | Cons |
| Effective against multiple parasites | Not effective against all pathogens |
| Affordable and widely available | Side effects in some individuals |
| Long history of safe use | Risk of misuse and overdose |
Precautions for Safe Use
Ivermectin is typically safe, but extra precautions are warranted. Always take ivermectin under the supervision of a healthcare professional to ensure it is appropriate treatment for you and to ensure proper dosing. Before beginning treatment, always tell the prescriber about any history of allergies, liver problems, or any health problems you are already managing. Do not mix ivermectin and alcohol and be cautious about mixing ivermectin with any medication without medical advice, as there is potential for interactions.
If you are pregnant or breastfeeding always consult a healthcare professional before taking ivermectin. Any time you exceed dosing recommendations, or if you happen to overdose, there is potential for serious side effects from sedation to dizziness and seizures. Always keep dosing instructions, and never exceed the poorly written recommendation!!!
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can Ivermectin be used for COVID-19?
Currently there is no evidence supporting the use of ivermectin as a treatment for COVID-19. It should be used only as prescribed and for parasitic infections.
2. Is Ivermectin safe for children?
Yes, but only to children over 15 kg bodyweight, and only with a doctor’s supervision.
3. How fast does Ivermectin work?
It generally starts to work in a few hours to a few days, depending on the type of infection.
4. Can Ivermectin be used in pregnancy?
Generally it is not recommended in pregnancy, unless recommended by the doctor; i.e. where the benefit outweighs the risk.